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AUTRES
ETUDES :
9
 Intake of flavonoids and risk of dementia.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Commenges D, Scotet V, Renaud S, Jacqmin-Gadda H, Barberger-Gateau P, Dartigues JF
Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale U330, Bordeaux, France. Email
[Medline record in process]
It has been postulated that oxidative stress may play a key role in dementia. This is substantiated by the recent discovery of the protective effect of wine. In wine, the flavonoids—powerful antioxidant substances also contained in tea, fruits and vegetables—have been thought to offer such protection. We investigated whether flavonoid intake could be associated with a lower incidence of dementia in a cohort of 1367 subjects above 65 years of age (Paquid). A questionnaire was used to evaluate their intake of flavonoids and subjects were followed-up for 5 years between 1991 and 1996: 66 incident cases of dementia were observed. We estimated the relative risk (RR) of dementia according to tertiles of flavonoid intake using a Cox model. The age-adjusted RR of dementia was 0.55 for the two highest tertiles compared to the lowest (95% CI: 0.34-0.90; p = 0.02). After additional adjustment for gender, education, weight and vitamin C intake, the RR was 0.49 (95% CI: 0.26-0.92; p = 0.04). We conclude that the intake of antioxidant flavonoids is inversely related to the risk of incident dementia.
Eur J Epidemiol 2000 Apr;16(4):357-63
Type of alcohol and drinking pattern in 56, 970 Danish men and women.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Gronbaek M, Tjonneland A, Johansen D, Stripp C, Overvad K
Danish Epidemiology Science Centre at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Kommunehospitalet, DK-1399 Copenhagen K, Denmark. Email
OBJECTIVE: To describe drinking patterns among individuals who prefer drinking wine, beer or spirits. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study obtaining detailed information on intake of wine, beer and spirits and on frequency of alcohol intake. Adjustment for gender, age, smoking habits, educational attainment and body mass index. SETTING: Denmark. SUBJECTS: 27, 151 men and 29, 819 women, randomly selected from Copenhagen and Aarhus, Denmark. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Drinking pattern-steady or binge drinking. RESULTS: A vast majority (71%) of both men and women preferred wine or beer. At all levels of total alcohol intake, beer drinkers were most likely to be frequent drinkers. Thus, light drinkers of beer had an odds ratio for being frequent drinkers of 1.97 (95% confidence limits 1.50-2.58) as compared to light drinkers of wine (total alcohol intake 3-30 drinks per month), while people who preferred beer had an odds ratio of 1. 29 (1.19-1.40) compared with wine drinkers in the moderate drinking category (31-134 drinks per month). There were no significant differences in total alcohol intake between individuals preferring different alcoholic beverages. CONCLUSION: If binge drinking is less healthy than steady drinking, the relation between wine intake and coronary heart disease mortality could be subject to negative confounding, since beer drinkers seem to have the most sensible drinking pattern. SPONSORSHIP: Danish Cancer Society and the Danish National Board of Health. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2000) 54, 174-176
Eur J Clin Nutr 2000 Feb;54(2):174-6
Effects of red wine, tannic acid, or ethanol on glucose tolerance in non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients and on starch digestibility in vitro.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Gin H, Rigalleau V, Caubet O, Masquelier J, Aubertin J
Universite de Bordeaux II, France.
This study examines the effect of moderate intake of red wine, tannic acid, or ethanol during a meal in type 2 diabetic patients and the influence of tannic acid on the digestibility of starch by alpha-amylase. Thirty non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) patients aged 53 +/- 6 years were studied (in vivo study) 10 of whom received red wine (200 mL), 10 tannic acid (150 mg), and 10 ethanol (16 g) with their midday meal (600 calories, 65 g carbohydrate, 20 g lipid, and 34 g protein). All patients were tested on two occasions (water or placebo v wine, alcohol, or tannic acid). The influence of tannic acid (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg) on the digestibility of starch (100 mg) by alpha-amylase (100 U) was tested in vitro by sequential incubation at 37 degrees C (in vitro study). The maximum glucose excursion after lunch was 2.6 +/- 0.8 mmol/L at 90 minutes (T90) for water and 1.8 +/- 0.9 mmol/L at T90 for red wine taken with the meal. The values at T60 and T90 were significant (P < .01). Comparable results were obtained with tannic acid alone (nonalcoholic component of wine): the maximum glucose excursion after lunch was 2.76 +/- 0.9 mmol/L at T120 for placebo and 1.97 +/- 0.9 mmol/L at T90 for tannic acid (P < .01); no difference in glucose and insulin excursion was observed between water and ethanol. No interaction between tannic acid and starch was observed in the in vitro experiments, although after preincubation of alpha-amylase with tannic acid, digestion was slowed in a dose-dependent manner (6.1 +/- 1.1 minutes for 0.25 mg tannic acid and 13.1 +/- 1.59 minutes for 1 mg tannic acid). Drinking red wine with a meal did not increase blood glucose in NIDDM patients, and led to a slight decrease in some instances. The effect appeared to be mediated by the nonalcoholic compounds in wine such as tannic acid. Ethanol itself had no effect on plasma glucose or insulin levels.
Metabolism 1999 Sep;48(9):1179-83
Alcohol intake, beverage preference, and risk of hip fracture in men and women. Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Hoidrup S, Gronbaek M, Gottschau A, Lauritzen JB, Schroll M
Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital.
The authors prospectively studied the association between quantity and type of alcohol intake and risk of hip fracture among 17,868 men and 13,917 women. Analyses were based on pooled data from three population studies conducted in 1964-1992 in Copenhagen, Denmark. During follow-up, 500 first hip fractures were identified in women and 307 in men. A low to moderate weekly alcohol intake (1-27 drinks for men and 1-13 drinks for women) was not associated with hip fracture. Among men, the relative risk of hip fracture gradually increased for those who drank 28 drinks or more per week (relative risk (RR) = 1.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-2.89 for 28-41 drinks; RR = 5.28, 95% CI 2.60-10.70 for 70 or more drinks) as compared with abstainers. Women who drank 14-27 drinks per week had an age-adjusted relative risk of hip fracture of 1.44 (95% CI 1.03-2.03), but the association weakened after adjustment for confounders (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 0.92-1.87). The risk of hip fracture differed according to the type of alcohol preferred: preferrers of beer had a higher risk of hip fracture (RR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.11-1.91) than preferrers of other types of alcoholic beverages. The corresponding relative risks for preferrers of wine and spirits were 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.03) and 0.82 (95% CI 0.58-1.14), respectively. In conclusion, an alcohol intake within the current European drinking limits does not influence the risk of hip fracture, whereas an alcohol intake of more than 27 drinks per week is a major risk factor for men.
Am J Epidemiol 1999 Jun 1;149(11):993-1001
Heavy drinking, but not moderate or intermediate drinking, increases the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Thrift AG, Donnan GA, McNeil JJ
Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Monash Medical School, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Australia.
An increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage among heavy consumers of alcohol has been demonstrated in several epidemiologic studies. The effect of moderate or intermediate intakes is, however, unclear. Although several studies provide evidence for a protective effect, this conclusion may be spurious, resulting from the inclusion, within the zero intake (reference) group, of past drinkers who have recently abstained for health reasons. The present study describes the relation between alcohol consumption and intracerebral hemorrhage among 331 case-control pairs recruited in Melbourne, Australia. Heavy drinking was associated with an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (odds ratio (OR) 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.4-8.4). The odds ratio of intracerebral hemorrhage with moderate drinking, when compared with never drinkers, was 0.7, (95% CI = 0.4-1.2) and was 0.6 (95% CI = 0.4-1.0) when compared with nondrinkers (never drinkers plus past drinkers). Wine drinkers were apparently protected from intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2-0.9). These results are consistent with the possibility that moderate drinking may confer protection from intracerebral hemorrhage, but this protection may be less than that previously reported.
Epidemiology 1999 May;10(3):307-12
Intake of beer, wine, and spirits and risk of stroke : the copenhagen city heart study.
(25/04/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Truelsen T, Gronbaek M, Schnohr P, Boysen G
Danish Epidemiology Science Center at the Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital; Copenhagen, Email
BACKGROUND and PURPOSE: Alcohol consumption has been associated with a protective effect on risk of ischemic stroke. There may, however, be differences in the effect of beer, wine, and spirits due to properties other than ethanol, a topic that has gained only little attention in stroke research. METHODS: Our analysis was a prospective cohort study of 13 329 eligible men and women, aged 45 to 84 years, participating in the Copenhagen City Heart Study. Information on alcohol habits and a number of socioeconomic and health-related factors was obtained at baseline. During 16 years of follow-up, 833 first-ever strokes occurred. Data were analyzed by means of multiple Poisson regression. RESULTS: We found indications of a U-shaped relation between intake of alcohol and risk of stroke. In analyses adjusted for age, sex, and smoking, intake of wine on a monthly, weekly, or daily basis was associated with a lower risk of stroke compared with no wine intake (monthly: relative risk [RR], 0. 83; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.98; weekly: RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.45 to 0.77; daily: RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.46 to 1.00). This effect of wine intake remained after complete adjustment for confounding variables (monthly: RR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.70 to 1.02; weekly: RR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.50 to 0.88; daily: RR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.02). There was no association between intake of beer or spirits on risk of stroke. CONCLUSIONS: The differences in the effects of beer, wine, and spirits on the risk of stroke suggest that compounds in the wine in addition to ethanol are responsible for the protective effect on risk of stroke.
Stroke 1998 Dec;29(12):2467-72
Smoking and alcohol intake as risk factors for bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers: a population-based cohort study.
(08/01/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Andersen IB, Jorgensen T, Bonnevie O, Gronbaek M, Sorensen TI
Copenhagen Centre for Prospective Population Studies, Danish Epidemiology Science Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark.
Both the incidence of and mortality from bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers are increasing. We assessed the association between smoking, intake of alcohol (including type of alcoholic beverage), and risk of a complicated peptic ulcer in a population-based study of 26,518 Danish subjects followed up for an average of 13.4 years. There were 214 cases of incident bleeding and 107 cases with perforated ulcers. We estimated relative risks (RRs) for incident bleeding and perforated peptic ulcers using Poisson regression analysis. Smoking more than 15 cigarettes per day compared with never smoking increased the risk of a perforated ulcer more than threefold [RR = 3.5; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.7-7.1)]. Drinking more than 42 drinks per week increased the risk of a bleeding ulcer fourfold (RR = 4.4; 95% CI = 2.3-8.3) compared with drinking less than one drink per week. Using the same comparison group, subjects who drank more than 21 drinks per week but no wine were at a higher risk of a bleeding ulcer (RR = 8.8; 95% CI = 2.2-35) than drinkers of the same amount of alcohol, but with more than 25% of their intake as wine (RR = 2.4; 95% CI = 1.0-6.0).
Epidemiology 2000 Jul;11(4):434-9
Beverage-specific alcohol consumption and cirrhosis mortality in a group of English-speaking beer-drinking countries.
(08/01/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Kerr WC, Fillmore KM, Marvy P
University of California-San Francisco, Laurel Heights 94143-0612, USA.
AIMS: To compare beverage-specific per capita consumption and total alcohol consumption’s associations with cirrhosis mortality rates in multiple countries. DESIGN: Pooled cross-sectional time-series analysis. SETTING: Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and the United States during the years 1953-1993. MEASUREMENTS: National level data on per capita total alcohol, beer, wine and spirits consumption and standardized all-cause cirrhosis mortality rates. FINDINGS: Significant associations with cirrhosis mortality are found for both total ethanol and spirits. Spirits consumption is found to make up the majority of the effect of alcoholic beverage consumption on cirrhosis mortality and the model including only spirits is found to fit the data at least as well as the model including only total ethanol consumption. The lag relationship between all alcohol types and cirrhosis is found to be short with only present and 1 year’s lagged consumption having significant associations. CONCLUSIONS: Spirits consumption rather than beer or wine is associated with cirrhosis mortality in this group of primarily beer-drinking countries. This finding offers important clues to understanding the drinking behaviors associated with cirrhosis mortality on the individual level.
Addiction 2000 Mar;95(3):339-46
Effect of alcohol intake on bone mineral density in elderly women : The EPIDOS Study.Epidemiologie de l’Osteoporose.
(08/01/2001) ©
La Journée Vinicole
Ganry O, Baudoin C, Fardellone P
Service d’Information Medicale et d’Epidemiologie, CHU Hopital Nord, Amiens, France.
To study potential associations between alcohol consumption and bone mineral density in women aged 75 years or older, the authors analyzed 7,598 ambulatory women (mean age, 79.9 years; standard deviation, 3.8 years) recruited at five centers in France between 1992 and 1994. The current alcohol intake was assessed using a self-questionnaire. Bone mineral density was measured by dual-photon X-ray absorptiometry of the proximal femur and total body and adjusted for age, weight, and height (Z score). Compared with nonusers, women who drank 11-29 g of alcohol per day (g/day) had higher bone mineral density values at the trochanteric site (p = 0.0017). Neither 1-10 g/day nor >30 g/day users had increased bone mineral density levels. These results were unrelated to estrogen replacement therapy use, dietary calcium intake, current smoking status, usual physical activity, educational attainment, household monthly income, and general health status. Alcohol intake was not associated with bone mineral density at the femoral neck. Total body bone mineral density was lower in subjects with alcohol intakes >30 g/day (p = 0.047). Our data suggest that moderate drinking (e.g., 1-3 glasses of wine per day) is associated with an increase in trochanteric bone mineral density in elderly ambulatory women. However, higher intakes may have detrimental effects on bone mass.
Am J Epidemiol 2000 Apr 15;151(8):773-80
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